Formulations comprised CW and substrates
in the proportions described in Table 2. Formulations were pasteurized
prior to LAB inoculation using fluent vapor for 15 min
and fluent ambient temperature water for cooling (thermal
shock) to inactivate polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase
(POD) enzymes that are present in the CW (Tan et al., 2014).