(food, rubbish and sewage). Animal waste constitutes the waste
from animal husbandry [25].
Animal dung is a potentially large biomass resource and dried
dung has the same energy content as wood. When burned for heat,
the efficiency is only about 10%. About 150 million tons (dry) of cow
dung are used as fuel each year across the globe [14]. Traditional
fuels like firewood, dung and crop residues currently contribute a
major share in meeting the everyday energy requirements of rural
and low-income urban households in Pakistan. Still 62% population
is living in rural areas. As a result, this component is much
higher in rural areas with dominant use of firewood for cooking
and heating purposes. When scarce, firewood is substituted
by crop residues and animal dung [8]. Low-income families and
people living in rural areas of the country heavily depend on traditional
biomass, i.e., fuel-wood, charcoal, animal dung, etc., to meet
their daily energy needs. An estimated 30% of total energy consumed
in the Pakistan comes from traditional biomass fuels [26].
According to the Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement
Survey 2008–2009, about 53.29% of the country’s total households
and 68.71% of rural households depend on wood and charcoal for
cooking.