China is a member of the WTO and is the world's largest trading power, with a total international trade value of US$3.87 trillion in 2012.[20] Its foreign exchange reserves reached US$2.85 trillion by the end of 2010, an increase of 18.7% over the previous year, making its reserves by far the world's largest.[258][259] As of 2009, China owns an estimated $1.6 trillion of US securities.[260] China, holding over US$1.16 trillion in US Treasury bonds,[261] is the largest foreign holder of US public debt.[262][263] In 2012, China was the world's largest recipient of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), attracting $253 billion.[264] China also invests abroad, with a total outward FDI of $62.4 billion in 2012,[264] and a number of major takeovers of foreign firms by Chinese companies.[265] China's undervalued exchange rate has caused friction with other major economies,[179][266][267] and it has also been widely criticized for manufacturing large quantities of counterfeit goods.[268][269]
A graph comparing the 2012 nominal GDPs of major economies
in US$ billions, according to IMF data[270]
China ranked 29th in the Global Competitiveness Index in 2009,[271] although it is only ranked 136th among the 179 countries measured in the 2011 Index of Economic Freedom.[272] In 2011, 61 Chinese companies were listed in the Fortune Global 500.[273] Measured by total revenues, three of the world's top ten most valuable companies in 2011 were Chinese, including fifth-ranked Sinopec Group, sixth-ranked China National Petroleum and seventh-ranked State Grid (the world's largest electric utilities company).
China is a member of the WTO and is the world's largest trading power, with a total international trade value of US$3.87 trillion in 2012.[20] Its foreign exchange reserves reached US$2.85 trillion by the end of 2010, an increase of 18.7% over the previous year, making its reserves by far the world's largest.[258][259] As of 2009, China owns an estimated $1.6 trillion of US securities.[260] China, holding over US$1.16 trillion in US Treasury bonds,[261] is the largest foreign holder of US public debt.[262][263] In 2012, China was the world's largest recipient of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), attracting $253 billion.[264] China also invests abroad, with a total outward FDI of $62.4 billion in 2012,[264] and a number of major takeovers of foreign firms by Chinese companies.[265] China's undervalued exchange rate has caused friction with other major economies,[179][266][267] and it has also been widely criticized for manufacturing large quantities of counterfeit goods.[268][269]
A graph comparing the 2012 nominal GDPs of major economies
in US$ billions, according to IMF data[270]
China ranked 29th in the Global Competitiveness Index in 2009,[271] although it is only ranked 136th among the 179 countries measured in the 2011 Index of Economic Freedom.[272] In 2011, 61 Chinese companies were listed in the Fortune Global 500.[273] Measured by total revenues, three of the world's top ten most valuable companies in 2011 were Chinese, including fifth-ranked Sinopec Group, sixth-ranked China National Petroleum and seventh-ranked State Grid (the world's largest electric utilities company).
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