Criticisms
Conditioning has numerous practical applications in everyday training and education. Animal training routinely uses conditioning, with food treats as a form of positive reinforcement for good behavior.
Generalisation of Association: A danger, particularly of the positive punishments described above, is that a subject may begin to associate an undesirable reinforcement with stimuli beyond those originally intended. This was demonstrated in Skinner's Little Albert experiment, in which Albert heard a loud noise on the sight of a white rat. However, in addition to an aversion to white rats, Albert gained a phobia of anything that resembled it - including, for example, white beards.