For elastodynamics, Loeffler and Mansur [27] and Agnantiaris
et al. [28] have found that Houbolt's algorithm [31] yields the best
results when compared to other time-stepping schemes such as
the standard Newmark's algorithm, the central difference scheme,
etc. This was attributed to the numerical damping inherent in
Houbolt's algorithm, which especially affects the higher modes
and hence lessens the problems resulting from the deleterious
complex eigen frequencies. Therefore, the before mentioned two
kinds of damped Newmark's algorithms, Houbolt's algorithm as
well as Wilson-θ’s algorithm are being chosen as the time integral
schemes, and all of them are implicit time-stepping. Also for the
sake of convenience, Wilson-θ’s algorithm and Houbolt's algorithm
are denoted by their initiating