There is thus a link that can be made to the processes of
generating a system of interest in the participation domain, even if it is oneself engaging with a
context; this would constitute starting out systemically and an outcome could be the reification of a
system design that makes sense in the context of its generation (but problems arise when such a
‘system’ is taken out of context without another round of participation!) Alternatively it would be
possible to start out in the systematic tradition – seeing systems as things, as reifications - but it
would be a trap in the medium to long term to not open-up boundary judgments and patterns of connectivity and casualty to wider scrutiny through a form of participation. Failure to do this may
lead research, for example, down the wrong pathway from the start. The reification-participation
duality can also be understood as a key element in processes of institutionalisation i.e., an institution
is a reification or codification of some abstract set of concepts which may, or may not be generated
through appropriate participation.