The manager equalizes the marginal cost and marginal benefit of stealing . because the manager owns α of the firm, he has an incentive to invest at least some of the firm’s cash rather than to steal it all. As α rises, the equilibrium amount of stealing falls. as k rises, the amount of stealing in equilibrium rises. If α>1/R, the manager’s stealing is “negative”, meaning the manager puts in some of his own money into the firm, perhaps to keep the firm alive and enjoy “positive” stealing in the future (Friedman and Johnson,1999). For out purpose, we assume that α is low enough that the manager chooses to steal. Alternatively, we could assume that the manager is credit constrained. In this static model, assuming that the manager never steals less than zero does not substantially alter the analysis.