. A representative illustration of the context in which an entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema nematodes) can interfere with the infection process of a plant
pathogenic nematode (Meloidogyne nematodes). The entomopathogenic nematodes are seen entering the insect host cadaver (1) where they then release their mutualistic
Xenorhabdus bacteria into the hemolymph (2). A number of bacterial factors are then produced (3), some of which are selectively nematicidal, resulting in the repulsion of, or
interference with, the plant pathogenic species (4). The plant root to the right that is not protected by nematicidal factors is shown to be burdened with nematode-induced
root gall formation.