Standardization of output exists when the results of the work are specified. Because the “raw material” that is processed by the operative core (teachers) consists of people (students), not things, standardization of output is more difficult to measure in schools than in other non service organizations. Nevertheless, a movement toward the standardization of output in schools in recent years has occurred. Examples include competency testing of teachers, state-mandated testing of students, state-mandated curricula, prescriptive learning objectives, and other efforts toward legislated learning