have showed that
black pepper reduced 100 ng/100 g PhIP in meatball fried. On the
perspective of total HCAs amount, black pepper has an inhibitory
effect (ranging from about 12 to 100 ng/100 g). However,
Haskaraca, Demirok, Kolsarıcı, Oz, and € Ozsaraç (2014) € have found
that the addition of green tea extract and microwave pre-cooking
did not present any detectable effect on reducing the formation
of HCAs in fried chicken drum samples and chicken wing samples
produced using a laboratory model under controlled frying
conditions