For decades, many advocates of statistical reform have recommended confidence
intervals (CIs) as an alternative, or at least as a supplement, topvalues (Cumming and
Finch, 2001). The American Psychological Association (APA) (2001, p. 22)Publication
Manualnow calls confidence intervals “the best reporting strategy”. This support for
CIs is in part due to results of the APA Task Force on Statistical Inference, who
strongly emphasized the need for measures of effect size to be the primary outcome of a
study (Wilkinson, 1999).