Total solid recovery of materials treated by sodium carbonate
was between 60 and 70%. The maximum sugar production after
72 h enzymatic hydrolysis was 36.2% at the best pretreatment conditions.
The maximum ethanol production by SSF was 154 g per
1 kg of the rice straw treated by 0.5 M sodium carbonate at 100 ◦C
for 3 h.