Functional testing was performed with the 3- and 6-DOF arms (table 2). For the clothespin test, to move 1 pinch pin from the horizontal bar to the vertical bar, the subject was required to flex the shoulder forward once, then sequentially activate terminal device, elbow and wrist rotations. This test showed the subject was faster with the 6-DOF arm than the 3-DOF arm. The Box and Blocks test showed a decrease in the number of blocks moved with the 6-DOF arm. Though the main DOFs used for this test were the elbow and hand, the humeral rotator was occasionally used to move from one side to the other, and the wrist was kept in a flexed position to give a more functional position of the hand