Prevention[edit]
Hygiene measures[edit]
The spread of chickenpox can be prevented by isolating affected individuals. Contagion is by exposure to respiratory droplets, or direct contact with lesions, within a period lasting from three days before the onset of the rash, to four days after the onset of the rash.[32] The chickenpox virus is susceptible to disinfectants, notably chlorine bleach (i.e., sodium hypochlorite). Like all enveloped viruses, it is sensitive to desiccation, heat and detergents.
Vaccine[edit]
Main article: Varicella vaccine
The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries.[8] Some countries require the varicella vaccination or an exemption before entering elementary school. A second dose is recommended five years after the initial immunization.[33] A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.[34] Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children.[9]
It is part of the routine immunization schedule in the US.[35] Some European countries include it as part of universal vaccinations in children,[36] but not all countries provide the vaccine due to its cost.[8] In the UK as of 2014, the vaccine is only recommended in people who are particularly vulnerable to chickenpox.[37]