3.3. Extraction of reduced sugar from lipid extracted algae (LEA) Similar to protein, LEA are also rich in polysaccharides. Such polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed to reduced sugars which can be extracted for their application in bioethanol production (Sun and Cheng, 2002). Miranda et al. (2012) reported sufficient carbohydrate content from S. obliquus. In addition, they also characterized its composition after reduction, and observed glucose as the major fraction (70% w/w of all sugars), followed by other monosaccharides such as mannose, galactose, xylose and arabinose. The contents of carbohydrate and composition of reduced products are suitable for bioethanol production from S. obliquus. The feasibility of using LEA as a potential source for such sugars was also investigated in the present work to achieve improved utilization of algal biomass in accordance with biorefinery approach. The yields of such reduced sugars (% w/w) in the whole cell algae depended on the drying process and the efficacy of hydrolysis reaction needed for such conversion of total sugars to reduced sugars and ranged from 12.79 ± 3.44% for freeze dried to 14.63 ± 3.52% for sun dried samples (Fig. 3). LEA also provided statistically comparable yields of such reduced sugar for different treatments of drying and cell disruption, ranging from 12.37 ± 3.03% for freeze dried samples assisted with ultrasonication to 19.51 ± 3.81% for oven dried samples with autoclaving. The yields of reduced sugar obtained in the present study for both whole cell algae and LEA were comparable to those reported in literature (Fu et al., 2010). The effects of variability between different treatments were also analyzed by two-way ANOVA (Table 3). No significant effects on the yield of reduced sugar were observed due to variability in either drying (P = 0.1) or cell disruption (P = 0.273) methods for lipid extraction. Similarly, no significant interaction (P = 0.981) was observed between these two treatments on the yield of