Six herbs were assessed for their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, a major fish pathogen causing
streptococcosis. Each herb was extracted with 3 solvents: water, 95% ethanol, and methanol. Using swab paper disc assays,
aqueous extracts of Andrographis paniculata and Allium sativum produced the largest (27.5 mm) and smallest (10.3 mm)
inhibition zones, respectively. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of herb extracts against S. agalactiae
showed that the aqueous extract of A. paniculata had the lowest MIC value (31.25 μg/mL). Aqueous extract of A. sativum was
the only herb extract with a MIC >500 μg/mL. Based on mortalities in 2 weeks after intraperitoneal S. agalactiae injection, the
median lethal dose (LD50) of S. agalactiae for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was 3.79 × 105 CFU/mL. In vivo experiments
showed that fish feed supplemented with either A. paniculata leaf powder or dried matter of A. paniculata aqueous extract
reduced mortality of S. agalactiae infected Nile tilapia. In addition, no mortality was found in fish receiving dried matter of A.
paniculata aqueous extract supplemented feeds at ratios (w/w) of 4:36 and 5:35. During 2 weeks of feeding with A. paniculata
supplemented feeds, no adverse effects on appearance, behavior, or feeding responses were observed