the absence or non-decision of expected planning policies
(Bachrach and Baratz 1962 and 1963), the structural and ideological forces that sustain
existing situations (Luke 2005 and Harvey 1978 specifically in the case of urban
planning), and the micro level understanding of how power actually operates in everyday
practice (Foucault 1979, 1982, and 1991) are crucial to understanding the limits and
potentialities of planning paradigms and planning tools for further discussion and
practices.