health of the pigs is becoming more important. This means not only improving the sanitary status in breeding farms, but also selecting for general disease resistance under commercial conditions. As in the case of ruminants, there are some difficulties involved in implementing efficient selection for “functional” traits. There are still no appropriate tools to select for better resistance to diseases or to reduce metabolic disorders. Sufficient knowledge of the genetic aspects of welfare is lacking. Stress recording methods need to be improved – for example, through the use of non-invasive methods for measuring