• Mayella Ewell is called to the witness stand.
• Unlike her father, who looked like he had prepared for his appearance in court by bathing for the first time in months if not years, Mayella looks like she actually has an ongoing acquaintance with soap and water.
• Mr. Gilman asks Mayella to describe what happened that night in her own words, but she doesn't answer, so he switches to more specific questions.
• Her answers are still minimal, so the judge asks her to just tell the court what happened, and she bursts into tears.
• Judge Taylor tells her that she has no cause for shame or fear, so long as she tells the truth.
• The judge asks Mayella what she's scared of, and she points to Atticus.
• When the judge asks Mayella how old she is, she says nineteen and a half.
• The judge tells Mayella that Mr. Finch isn't going to scare her, and that his job as judge is to stop him if he tries.
• Mayella, soothed, finally gets going on her testimony.
• What she says: she was on the porch when Tom Robinson came by, she asked him to chop up an old piece of furniture for kindling, and when she went inside to get a nickel to pay him he attacked her from behind.
• Did she scream and fight back? Yes.
• What happened next? She can't really remember, but eventually her father and Mr. Tate were there.
• Mr. Gilmer asks again if Mayella tried to fight off her attacker, and if he took "full advantage" (18.38) of her, and she answers yes to both questions.
• Now it's Atticus's turn.
• Mayella takes offense to Atticus's calling her "ma'am" (she thinks he's making fun of her), and Scout wonders what her life is like that she thinks normal courtesy is rudeness.
• Some facts about Mayella: she's the eldest of seven kids, her mom's been dead for a while, she can read and write but she only went to school for two or three years.
• Does she have any friends? Again, she thinks Atticus is making fun, since the idea seems so absurd.
• Atticus asks Mayella about her father (who's still in the room), whether he's ever beaten her, and she says, after a hesitation, that he's never touched her.
• Yeah, we're not so sure we believe that.
• Finally Atticus's questions turn to the day of the alleged crime. Mayella says that Tom passed the house every day, but this was the first time she had asked him to come into the yard (though she jumped when he asked that question), but she might have asked him to do odd jobs before, she can't remember.
• We're getting the picture that this testimony isn't exactly going to hold up.
• Atticus quotes Mayella's previous testimony and asks her whether the defendant hit her face; she says no, then yes, then that she can't remember, then cries.
• When asked to identify the man who raped her, Mayella indicates Tom, but Atticus tells him to stand up so that Mayella can have a good look at him.
• Tom stands up, revealing that his left arm is a foot shorter than his right and his left hand is shriveled.
• Booyah!
• Up in the balcony, Reverend Sykes tells Jem and Scout that Tom caught his hand in a cotton gin when he was a boy.
• Atticus asks how this man could have raped her, and she says she doesn't know how it happened but it did.
• Mr. Gilmer objects that Atticus is browbeating the witness.
• Judge Taylor replies that if anyone's doing any browbeating it's Mayella, but he's the only one laughing at his joke.
• Does Mayella want to reconsider any of her testimony? Nope. She even adds some new details to try to make it make more sense.
• Atticus asks a series of questions that Mayella simply refuses to answer: why the other children didn't hear her screams, if she screamed when she saw her father in the window instead of at Tom, if her father was the one who beat her up.
• After meeting all these questions with silence, Mayella makes her final statement: "That nigger yonder took advantage of me an' if you fine fancy gentlemen don't wanta do nothin' about it then you're all yellow stinkin' cowards" (18.167).
• After that Mayella bursts into tears and refuses to answer any more questions, whether from Atticus, from Mr. Gilmer, or from Judge Taylor himself.
• Scout thinks that somehow Atticus had wounded Mayella in a way Scout doesn't understand, and that it made Atticus sick to do it.
• Mayella leaves the witness stand, directing a dagger-look of hatred at Atticus on the way.
• Time for a break.
• Scout wonders what nuances of the case she might be missing, since it all seems fairly straightforward to her, and remembers that Atticus told her that Judge Taylor is a good judge.
• The judge and the lawyers return to restart the case.
• Jem, Scout, and Dill are pleased to see that the Judge has brought a cigar with him, which he proceed to begin eating, spitting out the bits once he chews them up.
• It's now almost 4 p.m., and Judge Taylor asks Atticus if they can finish the case up this afternoon.
• Atticus says he thinks they can, and he has just one witness to call.
Chapter 19
• Tom Robinson tries to use his good right hand to put his bad left one on the Bible, but it keeps falling off, and the judge tells him not to bother.
• After the basic questions about his age and family, Atticus asks Tom about a previous conviction for disorderly conduct; Jem whispers that Atticus is showing the jury that Tom has nothing to hide.Tom Robinson tries to use his good right hand to put his bad left one on the Bible, but it keeps falling off, and the judge tells him not to bother.
• After the basic questions about his age and family, Atticus asks Tom about a previous conviction for disorderly conduct; Jem whispers that Atticus is showing the jury that Tom has nothing to hide.
• Gee, we're glad Jem is here to interpret for us.
• Tom's testimony continues: he passes the Ewell place on his way to work for Mr. Link Deas every day; he did go inside the Ewell yard to chop up a piece of furniture, but that was last spring, not in November like Mayella said, and that he went home without incident after turning down the nickel she offered him for the job.
• Atticus asks if he ever crossed into Ewell property after that, and Tom says he did lots of times, provoking a murmur from the audience.
• Atticus asks why, and Tom says Mayella kept having little jobs for him to do, and he never took payment because he knew how poor she was.
• Tom says the children were always around when he was there, and Mayella would talk to him.
• Scout thinks that Mayella must have been terribly lonely, even more lonely than Boo Radley, and that Tom was probably the only person who had ever treated her with real kindness.
• Did Tom ever go on the Ewell property without being invited? He says no.
• So, what happened that night in November?
• Tom was going home as usual and passed the Ewell place, which seemed awfully quiet. Mayella asked him to come in to fix a door, even though nothing seemed wrong with it.
• And then he suddenly realized that the reason it seemed so quiet was that the other children weren't around. Mayella said she'd been saving her nickels for a year to get enough money for all seven to buy ice cream.
• Well, isn't that nice, he said. He tried to leave, when she asked him to get something down from the top of a wardrobe; he stood on a chair to get it, when she grabbed his legs from behind; he jumped in fright, knocking the chair over.
• He swears that was the only furniture disturbed in the room when he left it.
• And then he turned around and Mayella hugged him.
• The courtroom erupts, but the judge intervenes and Tom continues: Mayella kissed him, saying that she'd never kissed an adult man before, and that what her father does to her doesn't count.
• Tom says that he tried to get away without touching Mayella, when Mr. Ewell shouted through the window.
• Atticus forces Tom to repeat Mr. Ewell's words, even though he doesn't want to: he said, "you goddamn whore, I'll kill ya" (19.68).
• And then Tom ran away as fast as he could.
• Scout doesn't understand Tom's dilemma until her father explains it to her later: pushing Mayella would have been as good as signing his death warrant, so he had to run, even though it made him look guilty.
• While Mr. Gilmer is getting up to question the witness, Mr. Link Deas suddenly stands up and vouches for Tom's character to the whole courtroom, sparking Judge Taylor's wrath.
• The judge tells everyone to forget the interruption and the court reporter to erase it from the record, and the case continues.
• After revisiting Tom's previous criminal record, Mr. Gilmer asks him about his physical strength, establishing that after all he's strong enough to chop up furniture with his one good hand.
• Why did Tom spend so much time doing Mayella's chores when he had his own to do at home? Tom says, after persistent questioning, that he felt sorry for her.
• Mr. Gilmer shows shock and horror at this answer (how dare a black man feel sorry for a white woman?), and pauses to let the jury feel it too.
• When Mr. Gilmer asks questions about that night, Tom refuses to accuse Mayella of lying, but persistently says that she is "mistaken in her mind" (19.135).
• Why did he run? Isn't running away evidence of guilt?
• Tom basically says that he ran because he knew most white people would assume he was guilty no matter what.
• By this point Dill is crying uncontrollably, and Jem makes Scout take him out of the courtroom.
• Dill tells Scout it just made him sick to hear how Mr. Gilmer was talking to Tom. There's a difference between the condescending way Mr. Gilmer talked to Tom and the politeness Atticus showed to Mayella.
• Scout replies that the difference is between Atticus and Mr. Gilmer, not their witnesses, but Dill doesn't believe it.
• A new voice breaks into their conversation: Mr. Dolphus Raymond, who agrees with Dill.
• Mayella Ewell is called to the witness stand.
• Unlike her father, who looked like he had prepared for his appearance in court by bathing for the first time in months if not years, Mayella looks like she actually has an ongoing acquaintance with soap and water.
• Mr. Gilman asks Mayella to describe what happened that night in her own words, but she doesn't answer, so he switches to more specific questions.
• Her answers are still minimal, so the judge asks her to just tell the court what happened, and she bursts into tears.
• Judge Taylor tells her that she has no cause for shame or fear, so long as she tells the truth.
• The judge asks Mayella what she's scared of, and she points to Atticus.
• When the judge asks Mayella how old she is, she says nineteen and a half.
• The judge tells Mayella that Mr. Finch isn't going to scare her, and that his job as judge is to stop him if he tries.
• Mayella, soothed, finally gets going on her testimony.
• What she says: she was on the porch when Tom Robinson came by, she asked him to chop up an old piece of furniture for kindling, and when she went inside to get a nickel to pay him he attacked her from behind.
• Did she scream and fight back? Yes.
• What happened next? She can't really remember, but eventually her father and Mr. Tate were there.
• Mr. Gilmer asks again if Mayella tried to fight off her attacker, and if he took "full advantage" (18.38) of her, and she answers yes to both questions.
• Now it's Atticus's turn.
• Mayella takes offense to Atticus's calling her "ma'am" (she thinks he's making fun of her), and Scout wonders what her life is like that she thinks normal courtesy is rudeness.
• Some facts about Mayella: she's the eldest of seven kids, her mom's been dead for a while, she can read and write but she only went to school for two or three years.
• Does she have any friends? Again, she thinks Atticus is making fun, since the idea seems so absurd.
• Atticus asks Mayella about her father (who's still in the room), whether he's ever beaten her, and she says, after a hesitation, that he's never touched her.
• Yeah, we're not so sure we believe that.
• Finally Atticus's questions turn to the day of the alleged crime. Mayella says that Tom passed the house every day, but this was the first time she had asked him to come into the yard (though she jumped when he asked that question), but she might have asked him to do odd jobs before, she can't remember.
• We're getting the picture that this testimony isn't exactly going to hold up.
• Atticus quotes Mayella's previous testimony and asks her whether the defendant hit her face; she says no, then yes, then that she can't remember, then cries.
• When asked to identify the man who raped her, Mayella indicates Tom, but Atticus tells him to stand up so that Mayella can have a good look at him.
• Tom stands up, revealing that his left arm is a foot shorter than his right and his left hand is shriveled.
• Booyah!
• Up in the balcony, Reverend Sykes tells Jem and Scout that Tom caught his hand in a cotton gin when he was a boy.
• Atticus asks how this man could have raped her, and she says she doesn't know how it happened but it did.
• Mr. Gilmer objects that Atticus is browbeating the witness.
• Judge Taylor replies that if anyone's doing any browbeating it's Mayella, but he's the only one laughing at his joke.
• Does Mayella want to reconsider any of her testimony? Nope. She even adds some new details to try to make it make more sense.
• Atticus asks a series of questions that Mayella simply refuses to answer: why the other children didn't hear her screams, if she screamed when she saw her father in the window instead of at Tom, if her father was the one who beat her up.
• After meeting all these questions with silence, Mayella makes her final statement: "That nigger yonder took advantage of me an' if you fine fancy gentlemen don't wanta do nothin' about it then you're all yellow stinkin' cowards" (18.167).
• After that Mayella bursts into tears and refuses to answer any more questions, whether from Atticus, from Mr. Gilmer, or from Judge Taylor himself.
• Scout thinks that somehow Atticus had wounded Mayella in a way Scout doesn't understand, and that it made Atticus sick to do it.
• Mayella leaves the witness stand, directing a dagger-look of hatred at Atticus on the way.
• Time for a break.
• Scout wonders what nuances of the case she might be missing, since it all seems fairly straightforward to her, and remembers that Atticus told her that Judge Taylor is a good judge.
• The judge and the lawyers return to restart the case.
• Jem, Scout, and Dill are pleased to see that the Judge has brought a cigar with him, which he proceed to begin eating, spitting out the bits once he chews them up.
• It's now almost 4 p.m., and Judge Taylor asks Atticus if they can finish the case up this afternoon.
• Atticus says he thinks they can, and he has just one witness to call.
Chapter 19
• Tom Robinson tries to use his good right hand to put his bad left one on the Bible, but it keeps falling off, and the judge tells him not to bother.
• After the basic questions about his age and family, Atticus asks Tom about a previous conviction for disorderly conduct; Jem whispers that Atticus is showing the jury that Tom has nothing to hide.Tom Robinson tries to use his good right hand to put his bad left one on the Bible, but it keeps falling off, and the judge tells him not to bother.
• After the basic questions about his age and family, Atticus asks Tom about a previous conviction for disorderly conduct; Jem whispers that Atticus is showing the jury that Tom has nothing to hide.
• Gee, we're glad Jem is here to interpret for us.
• Tom's testimony continues: he passes the Ewell place on his way to work for Mr. Link Deas every day; he did go inside the Ewell yard to chop up a piece of furniture, but that was last spring, not in November like Mayella said, and that he went home without incident after turning down the nickel she offered him for the job.
• Atticus asks if he ever crossed into Ewell property after that, and Tom says he did lots of times, provoking a murmur from the audience.
• Atticus asks why, and Tom says Mayella kept having little jobs for him to do, and he never took payment because he knew how poor she was.
• Tom says the children were always around when he was there, and Mayella would talk to him.
• Scout thinks that Mayella must have been terribly lonely, even more lonely than Boo Radley, and that Tom was probably the only person who had ever treated her with real kindness.
• Did Tom ever go on the Ewell property without being invited? He says no.
• So, what happened that night in November?
• Tom was going home as usual and passed the Ewell place, which seemed awfully quiet. Mayella asked him to come in to fix a door, even though nothing seemed wrong with it.
• And then he suddenly realized that the reason it seemed so quiet was that the other children weren't around. Mayella said she'd been saving her nickels for a year to get enough money for all seven to buy ice cream.
• Well, isn't that nice, he said. He tried to leave, when she asked him to get something down from the top of a wardrobe; he stood on a chair to get it, when she grabbed his legs from behind; he jumped in fright, knocking the chair over.
• He swears that was the only furniture disturbed in the room when he left it.
• And then he turned around and Mayella hugged him.
• The courtroom erupts, but the judge intervenes and Tom continues: Mayella kissed him, saying that she'd never kissed an adult man before, and that what her father does to her doesn't count.
• Tom says that he tried to get away without touching Mayella, when Mr. Ewell shouted through the window.
• Atticus forces Tom to repeat Mr. Ewell's words, even though he doesn't want to: he said, "you goddamn whore, I'll kill ya" (19.68).
• And then Tom ran away as fast as he could.
• Scout doesn't understand Tom's dilemma until her father explains it to her later: pushing Mayella would have been as good as signing his death warrant, so he had to run, even though it made him look guilty.
• While Mr. Gilmer is getting up to question the witness, Mr. Link Deas suddenly stands up and vouches for Tom's character to the whole courtroom, sparking Judge Taylor's wrath.
• The judge tells everyone to forget the interruption and the court reporter to erase it from the record, and the case continues.
• After revisiting Tom's previous criminal record, Mr. Gilmer asks him about his physical strength, establishing that after all he's strong enough to chop up furniture with his one good hand.
• Why did Tom spend so much time doing Mayella's chores when he had his own to do at home? Tom says, after persistent questioning, that he felt sorry for her.
• Mr. Gilmer shows shock and horror at this answer (how dare a black man feel sorry for a white woman?), and pauses to let the jury feel it too.
• When Mr. Gilmer asks questions about that night, Tom refuses to accuse Mayella of lying, but persistently says that she is "mistaken in her mind" (19.135).
• Why did he run? Isn't running away evidence of guilt?
• Tom basically says that he ran because he knew most white people would assume he was guilty no matter what.
• By this point Dill is crying uncontrollably, and Jem makes Scout take him out of the courtroom.
• Dill tells Scout it just made him sick to hear how Mr. Gilmer was talking to Tom. There's a difference between the condescending way Mr. Gilmer talked to Tom and the politeness Atticus showed to Mayella.
• Scout replies that the difference is between Atticus and Mr. Gilmer, not their witnesses, but Dill doesn't believe it.
• A new voice breaks into their conversation: Mr. Dolphus Raymond, who agrees with Dill.
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