or convergence in current and future Italian waste performance is an important issue that is receiving renewed attention since the recent collapse (both practically and financially) of the waste management schemes in Naples and formerly in Palermo, respectively in the Campania and Sicilian regions.2 Convergence pattern, particularly analysed in relation to air pollution emissions and rarely in waste related contexts, is an important issue given that, on the one hand, countries are monitored and valued on the basis of their national average performance and, on the other hand, that regional system collapses have to be covered financially by national revenues.