Resilience scores in high- and lowincome respondents were not significantly different in Sample 2, but were different in Sample 3 with lower income individuals reporting lower resilience. Because these results differed between Samples 2 and 3, it is not possible to state conclusively that resilience is lower when income is lower. For instance, Barusch (1997) suggested that a positive self-perception contributes to successful aging regardless of income, which supports the findings in Sample 2 where resilience scores were not significantly