I. INTRODUCTION
CONVENTIONAL GaN-based light-emitting diodes
(LEDs) are designed to operate in direct current (DC)
power only, and the rectifier and transformer are essential
components to transform the high-voltage alternating current
(AC) power into low-voltage DC power in the stationary LED
lighting system. However, some disadvantages of electronic
devices, including low transform efficiency, large dimensions,
and shorter lifetime than LEDs, all obstruct the propagation
of stationary LED lighting applications. Therefore, a new
design is needed to enable operating the LED chip in AC
power directly. The first LED chip design composed of two
antidirection micro-LED chains in parallel was announced
several years ago [1], but only half the number of micro-LEDs
illuminated in each bias direction causes chip area utilization
efficiency of the so-called AC-LED is much lower than that
of the conventional DC-LED. The Wheatstone bridge (WB)
circuit concept was later integrated into the AC-LED array to