Oral presentations of research almost always include interchange with the audience. Indeed, in the case of presenting a proposal to a committee or seminar, that exchange is the purpose of the occasion,some or all of the audience having already read your prospectus or full proposal. Questions, comments, advice, and discussion often follow the talk and sometimes are interspersed within the flow of presentation. This fact not only calls for the use of interactive skills but has consequences for planning and delivery as well.