instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to other in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline,are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor,and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest,expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group member;instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote distant respect