Yield constraints have become an important feature of sugarcane farming systems in Australia, with significant yield
increases obtainable by manipulating farming system components (e.g. crop rotation). However, to identify key crop targets for
new farming systems, an improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms mediating these yield responses is required.
Data from experiments investigating impacts of crop rotation, plant population, tillage and trash management have been
analysed to determine the impact of treatments on shoot and stalk dynamics and crop yield.
Crop rotation or soil fumigation resulted in significantly improved crop establishment, with production of greater numbers of
both primary and higher order shoots. Manipulation of soil N status in these experiments had limited effect on the initiation of
secondary tillers, regardless of whether the N was the result of a rotation treatment or of fertiliser N applications within a
common rotation history. In all cases, effects of N were minimal compared to those of other components of soil health affected
by fumigation (primarily detrimental soil biota) and rotation (differing elements of physical and chemical fertility and soil
biota). Survival of tillers until final harvest was strongly influenced by the population density of established primary shoots and
the growing conditions during the latter part of the growing season. Reduced water stress and application of N fertiliser near the
time of maximum tiller numbers increased tiller survival.
Yield constraints have become an important feature of sugarcane farming systems in Australia, with significant yieldincreases obtainable by manipulating farming system components (e.g. crop rotation). However, to identify key crop targets fornew farming systems, an improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms mediating these yield responses is required.Data from experiments investigating impacts of crop rotation, plant population, tillage and trash management have beenanalysed to determine the impact of treatments on shoot and stalk dynamics and crop yield.Crop rotation or soil fumigation resulted in significantly improved crop establishment, with production of greater numbers ofboth primary and higher order shoots. Manipulation of soil N status in these experiments had limited effect on the initiation ofsecondary tillers, regardless of whether the N was the result of a rotation treatment or of fertiliser N applications within acommon rotation history. In all cases, effects of N were minimal compared to those of other components of soil health affectedby fumigation (primarily detrimental soil biota) and rotation (differing elements of physical and chemical fertility and soilbiota). Survival of tillers until final harvest was strongly influenced by the population density of established primary shoots andthe growing conditions during the latter part of the growing season. Reduced water stress and application of N fertiliser near thetime of maximum tiller numbers increased tiller survival.
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