The lack of HIV-related knowledge appears to be a particularly salient problem among KP in Swaziland, as only 18.3% of MSM and 10% of FSM in our study knew of the heightened risk of contracting HIV from anal sex. Less than 40% of MSM reported using condom-compatible lubricants, and over 80% of FSW did not use lubricants at all. It is possible that HIV education campaigns for the general population may overlook the myriad behavioral risks that are more relevant for KP.