Clausen et al. (75) found in a follow up study in adult offspring of women with diet-treated GDM and T1D compared to a control group, that intrauterine hypergly- caemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of overweight and the metabolic syndrome, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2D/pre-diabetes in adult offspring (76). Both reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired pancreatic b-cell function may explain the increased risk of glucose intolerance among adult offspring (77).