กรดซัลฟูริกอ่อนเจือจางและการปรับสภาพซัลไฟต์เพื่อเอาชนะความดื้อของ Lignocelluloses (SPORL) pretreatments were directly applied to wood chips to save energy in wood size reduction [18]. Enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermenta tion (SSF) using commercial enzymes and a conventional Saccharomyces cerevisiae were conducted using the pretreated solid fraction after disk milling. All process energy and yield data were recorded. Wood recalcitrance was quantitatively determined based on saccharification conversion and process energy data. The overarching goal of the study was to provide objective and practical bioconversion information to researchers, landowners, and policy makers for the production of poplars as a bioenergy crop.