The ocean bottom ---- a region near

The ocean bottom ---- a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the
Earth ---- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until
about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath
waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense
(5) pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom
is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void
of outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for
over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not
(10) actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep
Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and
gas industry. the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a
steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples
of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.
(15) The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that
ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and
took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites
around the world. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists
to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to
(20) calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely
on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly
all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that
explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded
(25) information critical to understanding the world's past climates. Deep-ocean sediments
provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they
are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological
activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has
already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change---
information that may be used to predict future climates.

ผลลัพธ์ (สวาฮิลี) 1:

bahari chini ---- mkoa wa karibu mara 2.5 zaidi ya jumla ya nchi ya
duniani ---- ni frontier kubwa kwamba hata leo ni kwa kiasi kikubwa unexplored na isiyopimika. mpaka
karne moja iliyopita, sakafu deep-bahari ilikuwa inaccessible kabisa, siri chini ya
maji wastani wa juu ya 3,600 mita za kirefu. bila kabisa mwanga na wanakabiliwa na makali
(5) shinikizo mamia ya zaidi ya mara katika uso wa dunia, chini deep-bahari
ni mazingira ya uhasama kwa binadamu, katika baadhi ya njia kama akipinga na kijijini kama utupu
la anga za juu.
Pamoja na kwamba watafiti wamechukua sampuli ya kina -bahari miamba na mchanga kwa
zaidi ya karne, kwanza kina kimataifa uchunguzi wa chini ya bahari hakuwa
(10) kweli kuanza mpaka mwaka 1968,na mwanzo wa kina
bahari ya kuchimba visima mradi wa sayansi ya taifa ya msingi ya (dsdp). kutumia mbinu ya kwanza ya maendeleo kwa offshore sekta ya mafuta na gesi
. dsdp ya drill meli, glomar mpinzani, alikuwa na uwezo wa kudumisha
nafasi ya kutosha juu ya uso wa bahari na kuchimba katika maji ya kina kirefu sana, kuchimba sampuli
ya mchanga na mwamba kutoka sakafu ya bahari.
(15) glomar mpinzani kukamilika 96 safari katika miaka 15 programu za Utafiti ambazo
kumalizika mwezi Novemba 1983. wakati huu, chombo watumiaji 600,000 kilomita na
ilichukua karibu 20,000 sampuli ya msingi ya seabed mchanga na mawe 624 kuchimba visima maeneo ya
duniani kote. sampuli ya msingi glomar mpinzani ya kuruhusiwa jiolojia
upya nini sayari inaonekana kama mamia ya mamilioni ya miaka iliyopita na kwa
(20) mahesabu ya nini itakuwa pengine kuangalia kama mamilioni ya miaka katika siku zijazo. leo, kwa kiasi kikubwa
juu ya nguvu ya ushahidi mkutano wakati wa safari glomar mpinzani ya, karibu
wanasayansi wote duniani kukubaliana juu ya nadharia ya tectonics sahani na bara drift kwamba
kueleza mingi ya michakato ya kijiolojia ya kuwa na sura ya nchi.
vipande ya sediment drilled na glomar mpinzani pia kujitoa
(25) taarifa muhimu kwa kuelewa hali ya hewa duniani iliyopita. mchanga deep-bahari
kutoa rekodi ya hali ya hewa kukaza mwendo nyuma mamia ya mamilioni ya miaka, kwa sababu wao
kwa kiasi kikubwa pekee kutokana na mmomonyoko mitambo na kemikali makali na shughuli za kibiolojia
kwamba kasi kuharibu ardhi makao mengi ushahidi wa hali ya hewa ya siku za nyuma. rekodi hii ina
tayari zinazotolewa ufahamu katika mifumo na sababu za zamani mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa ---
habari ambayo inaweza kutumika kwa kutabiri hali ya hewa ya siku zijazo.