Substrate was provided to each aquarium in
the form of high-density polyethylene mesh
(InterNet Inc.,Minneapolis,MN, USA) of three
sizes, 0.635-, 1.27-, and 3.175-cm-diameter
square mesh, representing 1265, 3484, and
1742 cm2 of surface area, respectively. Surface
area of the substrate was calculated by first
measuring the linear dimensions of each substrate
type.