This is something that teacher-researchers need to be aware to when planning their own research studies (see Chapter 8). It is also theme that will be developed in the next chapter. The problems of reporting action research are considered in Chapter 12. It is also important not to indentify teacher research with AR, as although much teacher research is AR, a great deal is not. We might say that it is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition if AR that it is carried out by practitioners looking to improve their own professional work. That is, all AR should be practitioner research (or at least research where practitioners are intimately involved in both motivating and planning the research) but that does not mean that all practitioner research is necessarily AR