Manchu women, as well as Mongol and Chinese women in the Eight Banners, did not bind their feet, and the most a Manchu woman might do was to wrap the feet tightly to give it a slender appearance.[25] The Manchus issued a number of edicts to ban the practice, first in 1636 when the Manchu leader Hong Taiji declared the founding of the new Qing dynasty, then in 1638, and another in 1664 by the Kangxi Emperor.[26] However, few Han Chinese complied with the edicts and Kangxi eventually abandoned the effort in 1668. The Manchus, wanting to emulate the particular gait that bound feet necessitated, invented their own type of shoe that caused them to walk in a similar swaying manner. These "flower bowl" (花盆鞋) or "horse-hoof" shoes (馬蹄鞋) have a platform generally made of wood two to six inches in height and fitted to the middle of the sole, or they have a small central tapered pedestal. Although it was reported in the mid-19th century that 50-60% of nonbanner women within the Beijing Inner City did not bind their feet, bound feet became a significant differentiating marker between Han women and Manchu or other banner women.[25]