The effects of AMtreatment on the biochemical components lactate,
glucose and cortisol, are presented in Table 1. Neither the lactate nor the
cortisol levels differed between treatment groups (P N 0.05). While
Mitchell, Hattingh, and Ganhao (1988) reported that lactate levels
rise as a result of physical exercise due to herding and handling prior
to slaughter, Peeters, Driessen, and Geers (2006) and Ishiwata et al