The first animated film, Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, was made in 1906 by newspaper illustrator James Blackton. He filmed faces that were drawn on a blackboard in progressive stages. In New York City, Winsor McCay exhibited his most famous films, Little Nemo (1910) and Gertie the Dinosaur (1914). His films featured fluid motion and characters with individual personalities. For the first time, characters drawn of lines seemed to live on the screen. In 1914, John R. Bray streamlined the animation process, using assembly-line techniques to turn out cartoons.