Introduction
In deep drawing, the quality of the formed part is affected by the amount of metal drawn into the die cavity. Excessive metal flow will cause wrinkles in the part, while insufficient metal flow will result in tears or splits. The blank holder plays a key role in regulating the metal flow by exerting a predefined blank holder force (BHF) profile. When selected properly, this BHF profile can eliminate wrinkles and delay fracture in the drawn part [1] and [2].