Results are consistent with Spearman's hypothesis for White-Black and
White-Hispanic comparisons, but not forWhite-Asian comparisons. Comparisons ofWhite examinees and Native
Americans are inconclusive. This study shows that academic achievement tests can be used to test Spearman's
hypothesis. Additionally, Spearman's hypothesis is not a unique characteristic of White-Black differences in cognitive
test scores, but it may not universal either.