Figure 5.17 shows the SEM micrographs of the cross section for YSZ films electrophoretically deposited onto NiO/YSZ substrate surface [113]. For YSZ powders deposited onto porous NiO/YSZ substrates whose reverse side is coated with conducting graphite layers, the YSZ powders are subsequently transferred into dense and continuouse films with thickness of 3-15 µm after co-firing with substrates(Figure 5.17a).