TOD factors – density, diversity, and intermodal connectivity – may affect subway ridership. To investigate this relationship, a multiple regression model is proposed below (see Eq. (3)):
Rideri 1⁄4 a þ b1Densityi þ b2Diversityi þ b3Busi; ð3Þ
where Rideri is the number of subway riders in station area i, Density the density of station area i, Diversityi the mixed-use index of station area i, and Busi is the intermodal connectivity of station area