To review, we found that there are several skills, abilities, or traits that characterize crisis leadership and that these competencies are associated with key
phases of the crisis management process. For example, the data show that
within the initial signal detection stage of a crisis, leaders display competence
by engaging in sense-making and perspective-taking activities that help them
better understand the crisis situation at hand and appropriate actions for meeting the needs of multiple stakeholders. During the damage control and containment stage of a crisis, leaders find themselves needing to move beyond the
emotional response to threat in such a way that enables them to engage in
effective decision making, risk taking, and communication. In later stages of a
crisis, effective crisis leaders must demonstrate resiliency and promote a
resilient mind-set within their employees.