Grammatical morphemes
- Learners are often more accurate in using plural -s than in using possessive -s’.
- Learners are often more accurate in using -ing than in using -ed past.
- The learner’s L1 has some effect on the accuracy order of grammatical morphemes; however, it is not entirely determined by the learner’s L1. There are some strong patterns of similarity among learners of different L1 backgrounds