Because serologic and neutralization responses against S
proteins of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses share no,
to low, levels of cross-reactivity within and/or across subgroups,
it is advisable that MERS-CoV and other coronavirus vaccines be
designed by considering construction ofchimeric S protein containing neutralizing epitopes from variant virus strains (Agnihothram
et al., 2014).