This perception may explain why some of these youth do not remain in stable longer-term friendships. The authors also reported gender differences in that males high in psychopathy had more reciprocal relationships than comparable females. Piehler and Dishion (2007) clarified this relationship by differentiating between “persistently antisocial” youth (those with the highest antisocial behavior scores) and “adolescent-onset” youth. They found that peer relationships were more mutual for the adolescent-onset youth than for the persistently antisocial youth.