Maximum deer density (47 and 50 deer/km2 for ‘best’ and averaged models, respectively) and minimum deer density (9 and 12 deer/km2 for ‘best’ and averaged models, respectively) are also similar. Lower deer densities away from the edges of northern hardwood stands are observed for both models (Fig. 5a and b), as expected given the important negative relationship between Distance_LCand deer density (Table 1, Figs. 3 and 4).