this can explain why few of the interviewees saw the dissemination of research results as their responsibility, and why it is more important with "know-who" than "know-how" in influencing policy. Also, a low-income country such as Lao PDR has many battles to fight, and research does not automatically top the agenda, including HSR. In general, many policymakers are ignorant of policy-relevant research, and this is true for Lao PDR, as enough, especially if the policymakers do not know how to use the results, or if the results contradict the interests of the policymaker.