Participants
We collected data from 32 participants who represent a convenience sample of patients who received buprenorphine for treatment of opioid dependence at this facility. Patients must have been in a stable living environment with reliable transportation and have active health insurance at the time of enrollment or be able to pay for their medications by other means to be considered for buprenorphine treatment at this facility. Inclusion criteria for this study were: 1) continuous buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence, 2) pregnancy, 3) ability to read the English language,and 4) age of 18 years or older.patients were informed that electing to participate in this study or not would not affect their usual care at this facility. This study was approved by the local university’s Institutional Review Board.