Specimens were processed as was appropriate to their condition at collection and with the objectives of conducting gross and histo -pathology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular diagnostics; therefore, not all specimens were used for all assays (see Table 1). Prior to necropsy, all live tadpole specimens were anesthetized with 200 mg l −1 of tricaine methanesulfonate (Tricaine S, Western Chemical) buffered with 420 to 1050 mg l −1 sodium bicarbonate solution (Fisher Scientific).