once the appropriate mode of transport has been chosen, it is usually the case that there is not a simple linear relationship between the freight rate charged and both the weight of the fright and the distance to be travelled. regardless of how short the distance to be travelled, the LPS will still have to recover certain fixed costs for transporting a consignment. for heavier shipments, LSPs will typically apply what is know as volumetric charging based on the dimensions of the consignment. this is to compensate for lost capacity as a result of carrying the bulky shipment where applying a rate per kilo would not sufficiently cover the costs incurred for carrying the shipment. think, for example, of a roll of carpet in an aircraft hold: by weight may be quite light, but because of its