When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Group remeasures its previously held non-controlling
equity interest in the acquiree at fair value at the acquisition date, with any resulting gain or loss recognised in
the profit or loss. Increase in the Group’s ownership interest in an existing subsidiary is accounted for as equity
transactions with differences between the fair value of consideration paid and the Group’s proportionate share of
net assets acquired, recognised directly in equity.
For acquisition on or after 1 October 2009, being the date the Group elects to apply MFRS 3 Business
Combinations, the Group measures goodwill as the excess of the cost of an acquisition as defined above and
the fair values of any previously held interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired
and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. When the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognised
immediately in profit or loss.
Goodwill arising from business combinations prior to 1 October 2009 is stated at the previous carrying amount
less subsequent impairments.
Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Group incurs
in connection with a business combination, are expensed as incurred.