Another dry technique is that of low-temperature ashing. A radio-frequency discharge is used to produce activated oxygen radicals, which are very reactive and will attack organic matter at low temperatures. Temperatures of less than 100°C can be maintained, and volatility losses are minimized. Introduction of elements from the container and the atmosphere is reduced, and so are retention losses. It was found that 17 representative elements are quantitatively recovered after complete oxidation of organic substrate.