Abstract
According to the first publication in 1993 by Rauscher et al.
[Nature 1993;365:611], the Mozart effect implies the enhancement
of reasoning skills solving spatial problems in
normal subjects after listening to Mozart’s piano sonata K
448. A further evaluation of this effect has raised the question
whether there is a link between music-generated emotions
and a higher level of cognitive abilities by mere listening.
Positron emission tomography and functional magnetic
resonance imaging have revealed that listening to pleasurable
music activates cortical and subcortical cerebral areas
where emotions are processed. These neurobiological effects
of music suggest that auditory stimulation evokes emotions
linked to heightened arousal and result in temporarily
enhanced performance in many cognitive domains. Music
therapy applies this arousal in a clinical setting as it may offer
benefits to patients by diverting their attention from unpleasant
experiences and future interventions. It has been
applied in the context of various important clinical conditions
such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer pain, epilepsy,
depression and dementia. Furthermore, music may modulate the immune response, among other things, evidenced
by increasing the activity of natural killer cells, lymphocytes
and interferon-γ, which is an interesting feature as many diseases
are related to a misbalanced immune system. Many of
these clinical studies, however, suffer from methodological
inadequacies. Nevertheless, at present, there is moderate
but not altogether convincing evidence that listening to
known and liked music helps to decrease the burden of a
disease and enhances the immune system by modifying
stress
Abstract According to the first publication in 1993 by Rauscher et al.[Nature 1993;365:611], the Mozart effect implies the enhancementof reasoning skills solving spatial problems innormal subjects after listening to Mozart’s piano sonata K448. A further evaluation of this effect has raised the questionwhether there is a link between music-generated emotionsand a higher level of cognitive abilities by mere listening.Positron emission tomography and functional magneticresonance imaging have revealed that listening to pleasurablemusic activates cortical and subcortical cerebral areaswhere emotions are processed. These neurobiological effectsof music suggest that auditory stimulation evokes emotionslinked to heightened arousal and result in temporarilyenhanced performance in many cognitive domains. Musictherapy applies this arousal in a clinical setting as it may offerbenefits to patients by diverting their attention from unpleasantexperiences and future interventions. It has beenapplied in the context of various important clinical conditionssuch as cardiovascular disorders, cancer pain, epilepsy,depression and dementia. Furthermore, music may modulate the immune response, among other things, evidencedby increasing the activity of natural killer cells, lymphocytesand interferon-γ, which is an interesting feature as many diseasesare related to a misbalanced immune system. Many ofศึกษาทางคลินิกเหล่านี้ อย่างไรก็ตาม ประสบ methodologicalinadequacies อย่างไรก็ตาม มี มีอยู่ในระดับปานกลางแต่ไม่ทั้งหมด ทำให้หลักฐานที่ฟังรู้จัก และชอบเพลงช่วยลดภาระของการเป็นโรค และช่วยเพิ่มระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน โดยการปรับเปลี่ยนความเครียด
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